I te taenga mai o Tīhema, ka rumakina e te tini miriona o te ao te wairua Kirihimete—ngā rama kanapa, ngā rākau whakapaipai, ngā waiata harikoa, me te tumanako ki te hoatu koha. Heoi, he uaua ake, he whakamīharo ake ngā pūtake hītori o tēnei whakanui "harikoa ki te ao" i tā te tokomaha e mōhio ana. Ko te whanaketanga o te Kirihimete he kōrero nui e horapa ana i te ahurea, te whakapono, me te hītori, e hono ana i ngā hakari whakakake, te karakia Karaitiana, ngā kōrero tuku iho, me te ao hokohoko hou.
1. Te Mea Ngaro o te Rā: He aha i te 25 o Hakihea?
He pātai nui, he pātai whakamere hoki tēnei: he aha i whakanuia ai te whānautanga o Ihu i te 25 o Tīhema? Kāore te Kawenata Hou e tohu ana i te rā tika o te whānautanga o Ihu. E whakaae whānuitia ana e ngā kaituhi hītori me ngā tohunga whakapono i whiriwhiria e te Hāhi tuatahi tēnei rā hei whakauru me te whakarerekē i ētahi hakari whakahāwea nui i rongonui i roto i te Emepaea o Roma.
Ko te hakari nui rawa atu ko te "Dies Natalis Solis Invicti" (Te Whānautanga o te Rā Kāore i Hokona). I roto i te maramataka Julian, ka taka te 25 o Hakihea i muri tata mai i te solstice hotoke, hei tohu i te hokinga mai o ngā rā roa me te kaha o te rā. Nā te Emepara Aurelian i whakatū tēnei hakari i te tau 274 AD hei karakia ki te atua rā, ki a Sol. Mā te tohu i taua rā anō hei whakanui i te whānautanga o Ihu, i huaina e rātou ko te "Rā o te Tika," i whakakīia e te Hāhi o mua te rā ki ngā tohu hohonu: kua tae mai te "Māramatanga o te Ao" pono, hei whakakapi i te karakia rā a ngā atua kēhua.
I taua wā anō, ko te hakari Rōmana o Saturnalia, mai i te 17 ki te 23 o Hakihea, i whai wāhi ki te ira o te harikoa ki te Kirihimete. I tēnei wā, i hurihia te tikanga pāpori mō tētahi wā poto: ka taea e ngā pononga te kai tahi me ō rātou rangatira, te whakawhitiwhiti koha, te hakari, te tahu rama, me te whai wāhi ki te whakanui whānui. I muri mai ka whakauruhia ēnei āhuatanga ki roto i ngā whakanuinga Kirihimete.
2. Mai i te Whakanuinga Whakapono ki te Whakangahau o te Waenganui
I muri i te whakatūnga mana o te Hāhi Rōmana i te rautau 4 pea, ka nui haere te haruru me te nui o ngā whakanuinga Kirihimete i Ūropi o ngā tau waenga, inā koa i ngā Moutere o Peretānia. Ehara i te mea he hararei whakapono noa iho engari he wā karaniwha pāpori tekau mā rua ngā rā te roa (mai i te 25 o Tīhema ki te 6 o Hānuere, te Epifania).
Ko tētahi o ana tikanga rongonui ko te pōtitanga o tētahi "Ariki o te Ture Kino" me tētahi "Āpiha o te Whakaaro Kore." I tēnei wā, ka taea e ngā tāngata noa te mahi hei ariki, ko te mana tūturu ia i whakamutua mō tētahi wā poto, i ki tonu i te tawai me te hurihanga. I kī tonu ngā tiriti i te hakari, i te inu, i ngā parade, me ngā momo whakaari. I tino noho pōuri, i tino pōrearea hoki tēnei momo whakanui, ā, i muri mai ka puta te whakahē kaha mai i ngā Puritan.
3. Ngā aukati a ngā Puritan me te hanga hou o te wā o Wikitōria
I te rautau 17, i whakaaro ngā Puritan i Ingarangi me ngā koroni o Amerika Te Raki he koretake te Kirihimete i roto i te Paipera, ā, i kī rātou he pirau, he whakarihariha, he atua hoki ōna whakanuinga. I te wā o te mana o Cromwell, i aukatia pototia ngā whakanuinga Kirihimete i Ingarangi. I te Koroni o Massachusetts Bay, he ture kore te whakanui i te Kirihimete mai i te tau 1659 ki te 1681.
Ko te āhua o te Kirihimete i ēnei rā i ahu mai i Peretānia i te wā Wikitōria (rau 19). I tēnei wā, e rua ngā tino tangata me tētahi tuhinga tuhituhi i huri i te Kirihimete hei mea hou:
- Piriniha Albert: I whakaurua te tikanga Tiamana mō te whakapaipai i ngā rākau Kirihimete ki te whānau kingi o Peretānia, ā, i rongonui haere tēnei i te motu i muri i te purongo a ngā pāpāho.
- Charles Dickens: Tana pukapuka iti o te tau 1843He Waiata Kirihimetei tino rongonui te wairua matua o te "huihuinga whānau," te "aroha me te ngākau pai," te "tohatoha atawhai," me ngā "kehua hararei." I angitu te pukapuka ki te huri i te Kirihimete mai i te karaniwha tūmatanui ki tētahi hararei mahana, e aro ana ki te whānau, kī tonu i te ngākau aroha me te whakaaroaro matatika.
- I taua wā anō, nā ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau tā mai i te Huringa Ahumahi i rongonui ai te kāri Kirihimete, ā, i whakaū ake ai i te mahi a te hararei ki te kawe i ngā manaakitanga me ngā maumaharatanga.
4. Te Pūrākau "Hinengaro" o Hāta Kara
Ko Hāta Karau o ēnei rā—te tangata harikoa, momona i roto i te hūtu whero-mā e kawe ana i ngā koha mā te waka reti me te auahi e kumea ana e ngā tia—he hua matarohia o te "hangai ahurea".
- Ko tana tauira ko Hato Nikora, he pīhopa o te rautau 4 nō Āhia Minor i mōhiotia whānuitia mō tana atawhai me tana tuku koha huna.
- I kawea mai e ngā manene Tatimana tō rātou ahua "Sinterklaas" ki New Amsterdam (ināianei ko New York), ā, ka huri haere tōna ingoa ki te reo Pākehā hei "Santa Claus".
- Te rotarota a te kaitito o te rautau 19, a Clement Clarke Moore"He Haerenga mai i a Hato Nikora"(e mōhiotia ana hokipērā i te Pō i mua i te Kirihimete) i tāpirihia ngā taipitopito pēnei i te renitia, he waka reti, me te tomokanga mā te auahi.
- Hei whakamutunga, nā te kaituhi pakiwaituhi o Amerika a Thomas Nast, mā roto i tētahi raupapa whakaahua mai i te tekau tau atu i 1860 ki te tekau tau atu i 1880, i whakatikatika te nuinga o te āhua o Hāta Hāta i ēnei rā: he momona, he pahau mā, ā, e noho ana i te Pou Raki.
- Nā te raupapa pānuitanga a The Coca-Cola Company i ngā tau 1930, i tāia e te tohunga toi a Haddon Sundblom, i whakapūmau, i whakawhanui hoki i te ahua whero-mā o Hāta Hāta. Ahakoa ehara i te mea nōna te takenga mai, he mea nui tēnei kaupapa ki te whakapūmau me te hora i te āhua rongonui o nāianei.
5. Ngā Whakanuitanga Kanorau i roto i te Ao Ao Whānui
I tēnei rā, kua hipa atu te Kirihimete i ōna pūtake whakapono, ā, kua noho hei āhuatanga ahurea o te ao, e whakawhanake ana i ngā tikanga ahurei puta noa i te ao:
- I Hapani, he rite te Kirihimete ki te Rā o Valentine, ā, kua riro te kai i te "Christmas Barrel" a KFC hei tikanga motuhake ā-motu.
- I Huitene, ka whakatūria e te tangata tētahi kakau witi nunui e kīia nei ko "Gävle Goat," ka waiho hei whāinga mō ngā ngana tahu a ngā tāngata tinihanga.
- I Venezuela, i te Pō Kirihimete, he maha ngā wā ka eke reti reti ngā tāngata whenua ki te whare karakia mō te Mihana.
- I ngā Philippines, e whakamanamana ana rātou ki te wā Kirihimete roa rawa atu o te ao, mai i Hepetema ki Hanuere.
Whakamutunga
Mai i ngā whakanuinga o te rā hotoke o Rōma onamata, ki te hakari whakakeke o te Waenganui, ki te kawe i ngā uara whānau i te wā o Wikitōria, tae atu ki te whakakotahitanga o te hokohoko me te mahana o ngā hararei o te ao i ēnei rā, he kōrero oraora te hītori o te Kirihimete mō te urutau me te whakakotahitanga o te ao. E whakamahara ana ki a tātou kāore ngā tikanga tuku iho e tu tonu engari ka whiwhi i te ora pumau mā te mimiti tonu, te hurihanga, me te auahatanga. Ina tahuna e tātou ngā rama rākau Kirihimete i tēnei rā, ehara i te mea ka hono atu tātou ki te mahana o te whānau engari ki tētahi awa whetu kanapa, e horapa ana i ngā mano tau, i hangaia e te huihuinga o ngā ahurea maha me ngā kare ā-tangata.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-25-2025