I tēnei ao tere o ēnei rā, kua noho ngā kai kēne hei mea tino hirahira i roto i ngā kīhini o te ao. I roto i ēnei, kua rongonui haere ngā harore kēne nā tōna reka ahurei me tōna uara kai. Engari i mōhio koe he hītori whanaketanga whakamīharo tēnei kai noa iho mō te rautau?
Ka taea te whai i te hītori o ngā harore kēne ki te wā o Napoleon i te tīmatanga o te rautau 19. I te rapunga a te kāwanatanga Wīwī i ngā otinga mō te tiaki kai i ngā wā o ngā pakanga hōia, i tukuna he utu mō ngā tikanga tiaki kai whai hua. I hangaia e Nicolas Appert te tikanga o te hiri i te kai ki roto i ngā ipu karāhe me te whakamahana i a rātou, e kiia ana ko te tauira o te hangarau kēne. Ahakoa i te tīmatanga i arotahi a Appert ki te tiaki mīti me ngā huawhenua, ko tana tikanga te turanga mō te whanaketanga o ngā harore kēne i muri mai.
I puta te pūtake pono o te hanga harore kēne arumoni i waenganui o te rautau 19. Nā te pakari haere o te hangarau kēne tine me ngā whakapainga o ngā tukanga whakahoromata, ka tīmata te urunga o ngā harore kēne ki te mākete papatipu. He mea whakamīharo, i kiia ngā harore kēne o mua he taonga papai i waenga i ngā tāngata whai rawa o Ūropi. Nā te wātea o ngā wā me te iti o ngā harore mohoao, ko ngā momo kēne anake te huarahi hei kai i tēnei kai reka i waho o te wā, ā, he utu nui.
I te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, i kitea he huringa nui mō ngā harore kēne. Nā ngā whanaketanga o ngā tikanga whakatipu - inā koa ko te ahuwhenua nui o Agaricus bisporus (harore pātene) - i tino piki ake te whakaputanga, ā, i tino heke ngā utu. Nā tēnei panonitanga i huri ai ngā harore kēne mai i ngā taonga papai ki ngā hua kaihoko o ia rā. I ngā Pakanga o te Ao e rua, he mea nui ngā kai kēne hei taonga hōia, ā, i hua ake ai ngā whakapainga ake i roto i ngā hangarau whakaputa me te tiaki, ā, nā tēnei i whānui ake ai ngā whakamahinga o ngā harore kēne.
Mai i ngā tau 1950 ki ngā tau 1970, ka uru ngā harore kēne ki te "Wā Koura." Nā te whakaoranga o te ōhanga o te ao me te tere o te whanaketanga o te umanga kai, ka rongonui ngā harore kēne i waenga i ngā kaimahi kāinga me te rāngai ratonga kai nā te mea he ngāwari me te rite tonu. I kitea i tēnei wā he maha ngā auahatanga, tae atu ki ngā momo hua rerekē pērā i ngā harore tapatapahi me ngā harore, me ngā hua kanorau kua tiakina ki te wai tote, te hinu oriwa, ngā ranu motuhake rānei.
I puta mai tētahi āhuatanga ahurea whakamere i te wā i whai wāhi motuhake ai ngā harore kēne i roto i ngā hakari tuku iho puta noa i ngā whenua. I Amerika Te Raki, i noho hei mea nui te hupa harore kirīmi kēne mō te whakarite i ngā rihi tuku iho o te Thanksgiving me te Kirihimete. I Ūropi ki te Rawhiti, he wāhanga nui ngā harore kēne o ngā kai nohopuku o te Pō Kirihimete. Puta noa i Āhia ki te Rawhiti, i kitea te whakamahinga whānui o ngā harore kēne i roto i ngā kohua wera me te tunu kai o ia rā.
I te taenga mai o te rautau 21, kua ahu whakamua te whanaketanga o ngā harore kēne. Nā te tipu haere o te mōhiotanga ki te kai hauora, kua nui ake te āwangawanga o ngā kaihoko mō ngā matūkai kei roto i ngā kai kēne. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka taea e ngā tukanga kēne tika te tiaki i te pūmua, te muka kai, ngā huaora B, me ngā kohuke o ngā harore. I taua wā anō, kua piki haere te rongonui o ngā hua iti-konutai me ngā hua kore-tāpiri.
Kua kitea tētahi atu whanaketanga whakamere i ngā tau tata nei: te whakakī i ngā momo harore motuhake. Haunga ngā harore pātene noa, kei ngā mākete inaianei ngā harore shiitake, enoki, tio kingi, me ētahi atu mea kēne, hei whakatutuki i te hiahia o ngā kaihoko mō ngā momo reka me ngā kai totika.
He mea nui, kua mau te tūranga o ngā harore kēne i roto i ngā kaupapa kai ā-wāhi. Nā te mama o te taumaha, te ngāwari ki te tiaki, me te nui o ngā kai kua eke ki te rārangi kai o te Teihana Ā-wāhi o te Ao, ā, koinei tētahi o ngā momo huawhenua hou e wātea ana ki ngā kairangi ā-wāhi.
Nā te tipu haere o te mōhiotanga ki te taiao kua waihangahia he huarahi hou mō ngā harore kēne. Ki te whakatauritea ki te kawe tawhiti i ētahi huawhenua hou, ka taea e ngā harore i hangaia i te rohe me ngā harore kēne te waiho i ētahi wā he tapuwae waro iti iho, e hangai ana ki ngā mātāpono whanaketanga tauwhiro.
Taunakitanga Hua
I muri i te tūhuratanga i te hītori whai rawa o ngā harore kēne, e harikoa ana mātou ki te whakaatu i tā mātou tuku kounga teitei.
He mea tango mai ā mātou harore i ngā pūtake whakatipu kounga teitei, ā, ka tukatukahia i te tihi o te pakari o te reka. Mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau whakahoromata hou, ngawari hoki, ka whakanuia e mātou te tiaki i ō rātou matūkai me te kakano tūturu. He nui te pūmua, te muka kai, me ngā kohuke iti i roto i ia kēne, ā, he mea pai rawa atu tēnei mō te kai hauora.
Mō te reka, he tino pai te tuku a tā mātou hua i te kakara motuhake, momona hoki o ngā harore. Ahakoa he mea tapatapahi, he mea tapatapahi rānei, ka mau tonu te kakano mārō me te kakara māori. Ka taea te whakamahi tika mai i te kēne, ā, ka penapena i te wā whakarite.
He tino maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā harore kēne—he tino kaha ki te kīhini:
Tunu TereKāore e hiahiatia he horoi, he ruku rānei; he tino pai mō ngā parai me ngā hupa.
Kai o te HauāuruHe kōwhiringa tino pai mō ngā piza, ngā ranu rimurapa, me te hupa kirīmi harore.
Ngā Rīhi ĀhiaHe tāpiri pai ki ngā kohua wera, ki ngā rihi kohuatia, me ngā kai raihi.
Kai HauoraHe iti ngā kaora, he nui hoki ngā matūkai, he pai mō ngā momo mahere kai.
E tino piri ana mātou ki ngā paerewa haumaru kai o te ao, e whakarite ana i te pono i ia wāhanga mai i te kimi kai tae noa ki te hua whakamutunga. Mā te takai kēne ka taea te penapena mō te wā roa i te pāmahana rūma me te kore e whakararu i te reka, i te uara kai rānei.
I roto i tēnei whakatakotoranga kai e rua rau tau te pakeke, ka whakauruhia e mātou te hangarau hou me te whakapau kaha ki te kounga. Ehara i te mea ko ā mātou hua anake e pupuri tonu ana i te tikanga tawhito o ngā harore kēne engari e whakaatu ana hoki i ngā whanaketanga o te tukatuka kai o nāianei. Ahakoa he tohunga pukumahi koe, he tangata e aroha ana ki te tunu kai, he kaihoko hauora rānei, ka kitea e koe he otinga reka, watea hoki e hāngai ana ki ō hiahia.
Mō Mātou
He kamupene mātou e tohunga ana ki te hanga kai kēne kounga teitei, me ngā tekau tau o te wheako ahumahi. E whakapau kaha ana mātou ki te whakakotahi i ngā tikanga tuku iho me ngā hangarau hou, e whakarato ana i ngā whiringa kai haumaru, reka, me te whai kiko ki ngā kaihoko.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-09-2025